In the not-so-distant past, the notion of warfare extending beyond Earth’s atmosphere seemed like the stuff of science fiction. However, as technology advances and nations strive for dominance, space has emerged as a new frontier for strategic competition.

The recent remarks by Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) General Anil Chauhan underscore the pressing need for India to acknowledge and adapt to the reality of space as a domain of warfare and diplomacy. CDS’s address at the Indian Defence Space Symposium reflects a sober recognition of the evolving nature of conflict. His assertion that space is already an established domain of warfare echoes a sentiment shared by many military strategists and policymakers worldwide.

The proliferation of satellite technology, coupled with advancements in space-based weaponry, has blurred the distinction between peaceful exploration and military confrontation in the cosmos. India, with its ambitious space program and growing military capabilities, cannot afford to ignore the implications of this paradigm shift. As rightly pointed out, space has the potential to influence operations across air, maritime, and land domains. Just as naval and aerial supremacy once reshaped the battlefield, space superiority will redefine the dynamics of future conflicts.

Moreover, the emphasis on “space diplomacy” highlights the dual nature of space exploration as both a tool for cooperation and competition. In an era where geopolitical tensions run high, maintaining open channels of communication and collaboration in space is essential to prevent misunderstandings and mitigate the risk of escalation. Crucially, General Chauhan’s assertion that space is a “global commons” underscores the need for a collective approach to space governance. Unlike terrestrial domains, space knows no borders or boundaries. Any attempt to assert sovereignty or dominance in space would only undermine the shared interests of humanity. Instead, nations must work together to establish norms and regulations that ensure the responsible and equitable use of space resources. India can position itself as a responsible steward of the cosmos while safeguarding its national interests in an increasingly interconnected world.